【 2019年全国III卷】 On our way to the house, it was rain so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take62 (get) there.

[答案] to get

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作主语。这是“It takes sb some time to do sth.”（做某事花费某人……时间）句型。在how long引导的宾语从句中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to get there。故填to get。

考点2：非谓语动词（to do/doing）在及物动词或介词之后作宾语

需解决以下几个问题：

01. 哪些动词后只能接to do作宾语？

agree, afford, aim, ask, arrange, beg, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, fail, fear, hesitate, hope, learn, long, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, plan, promise, refuse, seek, struggle, want, wish等动词后跟动词不定式作宾语。

02.哪些动词后只能接doing作宾语？

admit, allow, advise, appreciate, avoid, consider, deny, delay, dislike, escape, enjoy, finish, forbid, get down to, give up, imagine, keep, mind, miss, permit, practise, put off, risk, suggest等动词后跟动名词作宾语。

03.哪些动词后两者都可接，但意义不同？

forget to do sth 忘记要做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事了

go on to do sth 接着做另一件事

go on doing sth 接着做同一件事

mean to do sth 打算做某事

mean doing sth 意味着要做某事

regret to do sth 很遗憾要做某事

regret doing sth 很后悔做过某事

remember to do sth 记得要做某事

remember doing sth 记得做过某事

try to do sth 努力做某事

try doing sth 尝试做某事

注意：

1.介词后只能接doing作宾语。

2.主语 + 谓语（think，feel，make，find等）+ it + adj/n + to do/doing sth.结构中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是to do/doing sth。

链接高考

【 2021年全国乙卷】Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim 70 (have) a low impact on the natural environment.

[答案] to have

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语。aim后需接不定式作宾语，aim to do sth旨在做某事。故填to have。

【 2021年全国甲卷】After 44 (spend) some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action.

[答案] spending

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语。根据设空位置可知，应该填入动名词作介词After的宾语。故填spending。

【 2021年全国乙卷】Minimize the impact of 67 (visit) the place.

[答案] visiting

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语。根据设空位置可知，应该填入动名词作介词of的宾语。故填visiting。

【 2020年全国II卷】They represent the earth 63 (come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings.

[答案] coming

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语。分析句子结构可知，动词represent后面是and连接的并列结构作宾语，后面是名词短语，前面是带逻辑主语的动名词短语。故填coming。

考点3：非谓语作表语（to do/doing/done）

常考点：现在分词和过去分词都带有形容词性，可作句子的表语。

其区别在于：

形容词化的现在分词 exciting, interesting, disappointing等作表语时，强调“性质特征”，意为“令人……的”，本质上与主语为主动关系，主语常为物；

形容词化的过去分词 excited，interested，disappointed等作表语时，强调“感受或状态”，意为“感到……的”，本质上与主语为被动关系，主语常为人。

除be动词外，常跟非谓语动词作表语的系动词还有 become，feel，get，remain，seem等。

例：

Hearing the exciting news, I feel excited.

get dressed/promoted/paid/charged …

remain seated

链接高考

【 2021年全国乙卷】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become61 (educate) about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local area.

[答案] educated

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作表语。分析句子结构可知，become是系动词，所填单词作表语，become educated about …意为“受到关于……的教育”。故填educated（受到教育的）。

考点4：非谓语动词作状语

当句子中已经有了谓语动词，提示词为动词，但两个动词之间没有连词而是由逗号隔开，则填非谓语动词。

动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作状语，需从时间意义和主动、被动关系上判定到底用哪种形式。

注意以下几点：

01 only + to do作结果状语与doing作结果状语的区别：

only + to do作结果状语表示意料之外的结果；doing表示自然而然的结果。

①He hurried to the airport, only to be told the plane had taken off.

②Her husband died, leaving her with her two children.

02状语从句的省略结构形式：

when/while/unless/if/though/... ＋ doing（与主语之间是主动关系）/ done（与主语之间是被动关系）。

①When offered help, one often says “Thank you.” or “It’s kind of you.”

②When crossing the street, you must pay attention to vehicles.

03 在“be ＋ 状态动词的过去分词 ＋ 介词”结构中

其中的过去分词往往已形容词化，没有动作意义，说明主语的状态。如：

be buried in/be lost in/be absorbed in/be engaged in/be dressed in/be covered with/be crowded with/be faced with/be occupied with/be devoted to/be exposed to/be accustomed to/be convinced of/be determined to/be seated in/be located in等，此类短语作状语时，去掉动词be。

例：

Buried in his book, he didn’t notice me.

Faced with the financial crisis, many companies had to declare bankruptcy.

链接高考

【 2022年全国乙卷】 68 (strengthen) the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, inviting twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.

[答案] To strengthen

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。分析句子结构可知，此处需用动词不定式作目的状语，此处位于句首，第一个单词首字母要大写。故填To strengthen。

【 2022年全国乙卷】 To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, 69 (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.

[答案] inviting

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。句子已经有了the event included做主、谓语，因此这里逗号后面是非谓语动词，用动词的-ing形式作状语。故填inviting。

【 2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 56 (cover) an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Part, the GPNP will be one of the first national park in the country.

[答案] Covering

[解题思路] 考查非谓语作状语。分析句子结构可知，该句子的主语是the GPNP，系动词是will be, 表语是one of the first national parks in the country，句子成分完整。又因提示词cover为动词，the GPNP与cover的关系为主动关系，故空格处应填入cover的现在分词形式。(注意：位于句子开头，单词第一个字母应大写。)

【 2022年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that were previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.

[答案] to increase

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。分析句子结构可知，此处用不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。

【 2020年全国I卷】 Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66 (find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.

[答案] to find

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。分析句子结构可知，设空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

【 2020年全国II卷】 They are easy 68 (care) for and make great presents.

[答案] to care

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。此句是“be+ adj + to do”结构，作状语的不定式用主动形式表达否定意义。故填to care。

【 2020年全国III卷】 The next morning he hired a boat and set out67 (find) the well-known painter.

[答案] to find

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。此处是固定搭配set out to do sth开始做某事，不定式作目的状语。故填to find。

【 2020年6月浙江卷】 Later they learned to work with the seasons, planting at the right time and, in dry areas, 63 (make) use of annual floods to irrigate their fields.

[答案] making

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填单词与planting构成并列关系，在句中做伴随状语，中间插入了作状语的介词短语。因make与主语they是主动关系，故填making。

【 2019年全国III卷】 On our last day of our week-long stay, we were invited to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm, 70 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals.

[答案] listening

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作状语。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填单词与meeting构成并列关系，在句中做attend的伴随状语。因listen与主语we是主动关系，故填listening。

考点5：非谓语动词作定语

动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作定语，需从时间意义和主被动关系上判定到底用哪种形式。

01 固定搭配

(1）the ＋ only/next/last/序数词/形容词最高级(＋ n) ＋ to do

(2)名词way, ability, chance, decision, effort, attempt, plan, right, wish, promise, desire, wish ... ＋ to do

(3) sb have sth to do 某人有某事要做

there is sth to do 有某事要做

02

有些和精神或身体状态有关的动词 （如surprise，excite，astonish，shock，amuse，annoy等），它们的现在分词和过去分词已经形容词化，动词-ing常用来修饰物，动词-ed常用来修饰人或人的表情、声音等。

链接高考

【 2022年全国甲卷】 A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked (徒步) 40 days to Xi'an, as a first step 61 (journey) the Belt and Road route (路线) by foot.

[答案] to journey

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。后面有宾语the Belt and Road route，所以这个journey是动词，而前面名词短语中有序数词，所以这里要用不定式作定语。故填to journey。

【 2022年全国甲卷】Inspired by the Bet and Road Forum for International Cooperation 63 (hold) in Beijing, Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute (致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.

[答案] held

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子结构可知，此处应填入过去分词作后置定语。故填held。

【 2022年全国乙卷】 “… It can help to build a community with a 66 (share) future for mankind,” he said.

[答案] shared

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。shared作future的定语，a shared future for mankind人类命运共同体。故填shared。

【 2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 Through it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63 (ache) legs.

[答案] aching

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子结构可知，所填词在句中作定语修饰legs，ache是不及物动词，与legs之间是主动关系，需用现在分词。故填aching。

【 2021年1月浙江卷】 This may be due to some disadvantages for people64 (live) in the countryside.

[答案] living

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子结构可知，本句已经有谓语动词may be，设空处需用现在分词作后置定语，people living in the countryside在乡下住的人。故填living。

【 2020年6月浙江卷】 Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology60 (change) lives.

[答案] to change

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。被修饰的名词experience前面有序数词first，此处应该用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to change。

【 2019年全国Ⅱ卷】 When we got a call 68 (say) she was short-listed, we thought it was a joke.

[答案] saying

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。分析句子结构可知，所填单词与后面内容构成动词-ing短语作后置定语，a call saying …一个说……的电话。故填saying。

【 2019年全国Ⅱ卷】 Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene declared she had no plans65 (retire) from her 36-­year-­old business. Irene said ...

[答案] to retire

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作定语。此处所填词修饰名词plan，应该用动词不定式，have no plans to do sth没有做某事的计划。故填to retire。

考点6：非谓语动词作宾补

注意根据固定搭配确定用哪种非谓语动词形式。

链接高考

【 2021年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 But that’s how nature is — always leaving us60 (astonish).

[答案] astonished

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，设空处所填单词作宾语补足语，并且与宾语之间是被动关系，需用过去分词。故填astonished。

【 2020年全国II卷】 They make great gifts and you see them many times65 (decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune.

[答案] decorated

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，设空处所填单词作宾语补足语，并且与宾语之间是被动关系，需用过去分词。故填decorated。

【 2020年全国III卷】 And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds69 (surround) the mountaintops, he was reduced to tears.

[答案] surrounding

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，设空处所填单词作宾语补足语，并且与宾语clouds之间是主动关系，需用现在分词。故填surrounding。

【 2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷】 As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with computer simulations and imagine themselves living at a different time in history or43 (walk) through a rainforest.

[答案] walking

[解题思路] 考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，imagine oneself doing sth意为“想像自己做某事”，此处用动词-ing形式作宾补，与or前面的living并列。故填walking。

维度③

词形转换

既不缺谓语动词也不缺非谓语动词时，如何进行词性转换？

动词一般转换成名词。在句中作主语、宾语或在物主代词、形容词之后，填入该动词的名词形式。

链接高考

【2022年全国甲卷】Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental 65 (protect).

[答案] protection

[解题思路] 考查词性转换。此处所填内容作动词promote的宾语，同时受形容词environmental修饰，可以确定是名词。故填protection。

【 2021年全国乙卷】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas — both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the62 (develop) of the local area.

[答案] development

[解题思路] 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，所填单词作动词（benefits）的宾语，并且前面有定冠词，需用名词形式。the development of …意为“……的发展”。故填development。

【 2019年全国Ⅰ卷】In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing.

[答案] belief

[解题思路] 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，所填单词作leading to的宾语，并且前面有不定冠词a，需用名词形式。故填单数名词belief。

【 2019年全国III卷】 When they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 66 (compete) to watch, together with the stories behind it.

[答案] competition

[解题思路] 考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，所填单词受形容词interesting修饰，并且前面有不定冠词an，需用名词形式。故填单数名词competition。

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